The Paper and Writing Game

The Paper and Writing Game What You Need to Know About Paper and Writing Use literary devices If you proceed through the samples published on the website of a custom made paper writing services, the only thing which you will discover familiar is the usage of literary devices. If your paper will probably have lots of images, you may create individual folders to hold your images. If you aren't certain how to then ask the computer department for support. Be certain you have all needed materials and data on hand. What the In-Crowd Won't Tell You About Paper and Writing Therefore, if you learn how to think, through writing, then you'll develop a well-organized, efficient mind and one which is well-founded and certain. There's no better approach to do so than to write. If you don't are given something specific, it's always feasible to choose something that may help save you a bit of time and researching. If you're a student, or anyone else who's going to do plenty of writing, the n you ought to provide yourself with the most suitable technology, especially now, when it's virtually costless to achieve that. If you're just like me and seem to get started working on the expression paper a couple of days before the deadline, you will adore the article. The secret is to continue to keep things current. You don't need to start at the start of the draft. Finding a draft you may safely go through it, verify the capacity of the writer to really do the job for you and peacefully earn a payment. You may search write my paper on the net and ask anyone worth help service to allow you to understand what your paper should look like. It's possible to also utilize conference paper sample to compose your own paper. It is possible to also learn to prepare paper presentation. Reading samples of response papers is also an additional way by which you can easily discover how to compose a reaction paper to documentary. A huge proportion of students are not able to write excellent research papers. You want to employ an organization that could satisfy that brief deadline but still offer you the very best high quality conference paper that will help you get good scores from your tutor or professor. Most conference paper writing companies provide completely free examples on their sites. It is essential that you select a trusted paper for conference writing service. With endless possibilities and a deadline just around the corner, it's no surprise that you have turned to Google for a tiny inspiration and hints on getting the ideal paper topic. The better you plan your work, the simpler it is going to be for you to get going on writing a good term paper. Everyone starts by writing a sentence on top of their paper. As an example, the writing styles that are utilized to write science papers are not accustomed to compose social science papers. You're not obliged to compose a paper that has rather difficult terminologies, unsung topics and things which are very hard to comprehend. To permit your readers to look at your sources, in case there are questions. You may also earn a list of potential questions that may come up from your term paper topic and think of means to answer them. You've got to choose a topic in which you have good expertise, and you're able to set your extra input.

Reflection Activity and Nursing Ethics

Questions: 1.How does your knowledge reflect your thoughts and feelings about mental Ilness? 2.How do these thoughts and feelings currently affect your attitude? 3.How do these thoughts and feelings affect your behaviour? 4.What will you hope to achieve in this course in regards to these reflections? 5.Did the DVD change anything for you personally or on a professional level? 6.In one sentence describe your thoughts and feelings about mental illness that you expressed in your refection Part A assignment? 7.Briefly describe your thoughts and feelings about mental illness now? 8.Discuss any differences now from your previous reflection? 9.Identify any changes you will make to your nursing practice as a result of your reflections? 10.Identify what nursing principles underpin the practice you intend? 11.Discuss how you expect these principles will be reflected in the way you deliver nursing care comparing these to the National Standards for Mental Health Nurses? 12.As a result of this course are you likely to pursue a career in mental Health? Explain why or why not? Answers: 1. Mentally ill people should not only be restricted to mental units but also, they should interact with other people. Even qualified nurses face the same challenge of fear I faced when watching the video part 1. But I believe a change of stigmatization and fear can be overcome through practicing reflection exercises in the hospital setting. These kinds of practices will enhance better understanding of mental sickness to students. Through these reflection exercises, students are aware of the impact of negative attitude, stigma and preconceived thoughts to the entire health care team and families. Furthermore, students are aware of the common errors nurses make while medicating mentally ill people. They need to be careful will observing the symptoms. 2. After watching part 1 of the documentary, I had sundry sentiments concerning this type of situation. First, I felt overwhelmed and excited as I expected to learn more about mental health illness, but I was also apprehensive because I thought the man would be dangerous to the life of others especially the child and wife. Due to these reasons, I was not sure about my feelings at last. What I have faith in is that I am an understanding individual who can nurse human beings by being helpful and non-judgmental. Currently, I can interact and engage with any patient, and my last placements have enabled me to gain relevant knowledge about caring for mentally ill patients. 3. When I was watching the video part 1, I became scared and felt uneasy by the way the man talked. I disregarded the nurses for treating the wrong disease. I never believed that I would feel as I did. I suffered from the sick feeling in my stomach. I was sweating because of fear. I started thinking about the kind of work I am about to start. I thought I had chosen a wrong career. I felt so judgmental about the ill man. However, currently, I feel upset because I was stigmatizing the man by allowing my perceived ideas to overhaul my nonjudgmental perceptions. I chose to discourse innermost fear with experienced nurses and comforted myself that I was normal to feel that way but recommended me to watch part 2 of the movie to understand my feelings fully. 4. I will be able to comprehend both the art of caring for people with a mental sickness and the science of mental health nursing. I have come to know that I have various strengths and weaknesses whereby I started with negative attitude limiting me to have positive medical placement. I believe there is need to change my attitude, belief and to feel about the ill man and the mental sickness. I have realized that I won't be student forever and I will soon start interacting with mentally ill people 5. From the movie, I have learned that mentally ill people are supposed to be treated and handled with respect, understanding, and empathy. More so, I have learned that their mental sickness should not judge clients. This video has reinforced me that as a nurse, I need to put my emphasis on the client regardless of my personal beliefs that I had before because the clients are living with mental health sickness. 6. At first, I thought that mentally sick people were scarily and dangerous and therefore they were supposed to be confined in a unit away from other people. 7. According to Casemore (2011), it is the goal of mental care professionals to make the patient become significant in the community as well as fulfill life through the provision of quality care. As such, Mosuro, Malcolm, and Guishard-Pine (2014) suggest that the condition of a patient after intervention should be better than ones initial state before therapy. In our daily activities, we tend to face issues that can develop stress and depression which predispose us to seek care and outside support for better recovery. However, the symptoms of depression are closely related to stress and as such nurses should be able to avoid stigmatizing patients in their professional practice. More so, nurses must be careful on examining symptoms to prevent mistreatment of a condition. Stigmatization leads to the labeling of individuals which in turn results in an inappropriate treatment. My first reflection expressed naivety and fear while taking care of patients with mental illness. I have realized that caring for the sick people is imperative as well as a duty I have to deliver to humanity. 8. My first reflection expressed naivety, fear, and stigmatization while taking care of the mentally ill person. I have come to learn the art of caring the sick people unlike in the previous reflection whereby I perceived mentally ill people as dangerous and risky to face. 9. One of the changes that I will show is to acquire self-awareness, interpersonal skills, and the ability to influence other nurses towards positive transformation while taking care of mentally challenged people. After the reflections, I would be able to be understanding of my predicament and augment this knowledge to real-life experiences during my practice. In addition to this benefit, I will be able to elaborate a conclusion and finally test the conclusion in the real practical situation(World Health Organization, 2011). Therefore, reflections help to transform a situation at hand characterized by disturbance, conflict, doubt and obscurity into a situation which is settled, clear, harmonious and coherent(Shanley Jubb-Shanley, 2012). 10.The following are the nursing principles that support ethical practices; Non-maleficence: This principle demands nurses to be competent in the field to avoid any cause of injury to the mentally ill patient(Parker Smith, 2015). Justice: All clients must not be subjected to stigma, and therefore they are supposed to be treated equally and fairly(Parker Smith, 2015). Fidelity: Nurses are needed to show their commitments based on the virtue of caring (Parker Smith, 2015). Beneficence: This principle demands nurses to have passion and act in a positive manner while helping others while following their desire to do good(Chiovitti, 2011). Integrity and totality state that entire patient needs to be considered while deciding which type of medication to offer. This practice reduces severe side effects to mentally sick people(Kelleher, 2014). Autonomy: The patient is given right of independence, self-determination, and capacity to self-direct and therefore they are allowed to decide what will happen to them while getting medications (Kayser, Cossette, Alderson, 2014). 11.The above principles can be practiced through following various health care standards. I am supposed to acknowledge cultural, value and belief diversities to ensure there in no stigmatization (Parker Smith, 2015). Moreover, through these principles, I will establish a successful partnership to support patients. I will give room for patients to express their decisions related to the medication. The principles will guide me to value the participation of other participating agencies in providing care that is holistic and based on evidence to ensure proper and comprehensive service to mentally ill people. Finally, these principles demand me to be fully qualified and demonstrate skills and knowledge while at the same time integrating all standards harmonically. 12.Yes, there is high chance to pursue a career in Mental Health because I will have developed a passion for providing support and care to the people facing mental challenges in the community. Furthermore, this career will offer me any opportunity to give inspiring hope, compassion, and teachings to mentally ill people on how they should overcome their situations. I would like working in an industry that I see the impact of my services to the community, and therefore, this profession will give me the right platform (Akhtar-Danesh et al., 2013). The greatest reward in life that I can get is through helping other people to overcome the current condition and improve their entire life. References Akhtar-Danesh, N., Baumann, A., Kolotylo, C., Lawlor, Y., Tompkins, C., Lee, R. (2013). Perceptions of professionalism among nursing faculty and nursing students. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 35(2), 24871. https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945911408623 Casemore, R. (2011). Person-Centred Counselling in a Nutshell. Counseling in a Nutshell series. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446288351 Chiovitti, R. F. (2011). Theory of protective empowering for balancing patient safety and choices. Nursing Ethics, 18(1), 88101. https://doi.org/10.1177/0969733010386169 Kayser, J. W., Cossette, S., Alderson, M. (2014). Autonomy-supportive intervention: An evolutionary concept analysis. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 70(6), 12541266. https://doi.org/10.1111/jan.12292 Kelleher, J. P. (2014). Beneficence, justice, and health care. Kennedy Inst Ethics J, 24(1), 2749. https://doi.org/10.1353/ken.2014.0004 Mosuro, S., Malcolm, D., Guishard-Pine, J. (2014). Mental health awareness and coping in foster carers: The impact of a counselling skills intervention. Educational and Child Psychology. Parker, M. E., Smith, M. C. (2015). Nursing Theories and Nursing Practice. F. A. Davis Company, Philadelphia. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0703993104 Shanley, E., Jubb-Shanley, M. (2012). Coping focus counselling in mental health nursing. International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 21(6), 504512. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1447-0349.2012.00817.x World Health Organization. (2011). Mental Health Atlas 2011. World Health Organization, 181. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/aes067

Ethical Issues of the Holy War Essay Example

Ethical Issues of the Holy War Essay The issue of a jihad, or holy war is a term brought from the bible to give bearing to the conquest of the land of one by the request of God. If and what relevance does this term have to the world as we know it today? The ongoing conflict in the Middle East is a prime example that it is still an issue and probably always will be. This ethical problem deeply affects three of the most prominent influences on the way each culture in the world operates.First is the political aspect. The Israeli possession of Palestine, treatment of the Palestinian people, and the habitation of the West Bank all make us vulnerable when taking either side. Meaning we put ourselves in a situation where we automatically make an enemy. This brings the second point into perspective.How should we act in warfare? Should we be participants or just object and watch, because how do we know if God is on the same side we are and what the consequences of the actions will be. The third point is that with the above in mi nd, how does this affect our view on the character of a God who can judge a group and be fair to each of us individually. There are two basic ethical decisions when deciding upon where to stand on the view of a holy war.Is it right or is it wrong?The view that holy war is moral and right comes from the term Graded Absolutism. This states that killing is clearly against Gods law, but God exempted Israel from breaking these to satisfy higher laws (Geisler 27, 115-118). The other is Unqualified Absolutism. This states just the opposite, that it is wrong no matter what, and that Gods law against killing is a moral absolute that must not be broken. (Geisler 27).What were the reasons for the rise of a holy war? From my reading I have found four distinct events that led to the start of each war. First, each followed an outcry against a nation that practiced extreme, widespread violence and cruelty. Also, each was preceded by extensive exposure to

Journal Entry 9 Example

Journal Entry 9 Example Journal Entry 9 – Coursework Example Word Recognition There are three main evidence based practices used in the development of reading fluency and word cognition. They include five areas of interest namely: phonemic awareness, phonics fluency, vocabulary, and text comprehension. The practises are aimed at diversification of a child’s capacity to recognize written texts and accuracy in reading them speedily. Some of the basic tools that enhance the reading capacity of children include the read-alouds, which give the children the confidence to go through prose and books. Since fluency develops gradually, evidence-based practices show that the students are subjected to repetitive reading skill as they continue to break the code. Consequently, the students may be subjected to silent reading, which a scientifically proven method used in improving the capacity of students fluency. Vocabulary comprehension is another way that is efficient in the development of word recognition both directly and indirectly from extensive individual reading, daily oral language, and explicitly learned vocabulary via word-learning approaches. Tutors further develop the student’s capacities of word cognition in the form of paired readings, choral reading, computer aid, etc. in addition to these aids the students are allowed  different books that allow them to increase their levels of understanding. Reading of these independent level books enable students to achieve better word cognition capacities with any advancements they make. According to the evidence-based practices, automaticity, and prosodic reading are used in unison in order to create a round environment that makes the students achieve fluency. Moreover, reader’s aids made significant improvements in students who were subject them. This makes it a significant method of word recognition. In conclusion, evidence-based practices used in development of word cognition are intrinsically unified since they must develop a child in an all round fashio n. Therefore the researches by Hudson and Rasinski assert that the main areas of interest should be developed in unison for better results.ReferencesHudson, R.F., Lane, H.B., & Pullen, P.C. (2005). Reading fluency assessment and instruction: What, why, and how? Put reading first booklet, docdroid.net/v7wr/prfbooklet.pdf.html Rasinski fluency article 2006, docdroid.net/vfdc/rasinski-2006-fluency.pdf.html National Reading Panel (NRP) issued a report in 2000

Learning Types Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Learning Types - Coursework Example Their learning is predominantly through what they see and can visualize. The teacher should therefore ensure he/she uses many demonstrations and also learning materials that are visually pleasant as well as striving as much as possible to make mental paintings and images. Auditory learners are active listeners by natures and tend to talk slowly while thinking a very linear manner. They prefer verbal explanations as opposed to written notes and as such they most favored method of learning involves listening actively and verbalizing. The teacher therefore needs to sound very good, have a meticulous lesson plan and deliver content through active organized conversations. Learners categorized as kinesthetic are typically extremely slow at talking and making decisions. They engage all their senses in the learning process and they learn better when trying and solving problems in real life. They therefore the hands-on approach to doing thinks and their learning is predominantly by trial and error. The teacher should be hands on at demonstrating, use case solution discussions and engage them practically in tackling problems. In conclusion therefore classroom learning and teaching is a complex process requiring the teacher to have a concise understanding of his class. There are different types of learners in the same classroom requiring different types of skills and therefore by knowing this the teacher is better placed to employ the best teaching strategies that involve all the learner types in the process without favoring a particular learning

Convince a client to visit a particular travel destination Essay

Convince a client to visit a particular travel destination - Essay Example ng from the travel and stay of non-residents, in so far as they do not lead to permanent residence and are not connected to any earning activity† (Cruz, 2006). Few of the major factors that can help in deciding the travel location are the purpose of the visit and the cash available to finance the visit. There are many different places within the world that can provide greatest entertainment along with perfect leisure time but the best place that provides both along with the greatest value of money is Dubai. It is also considered to be a business hub; hence many people also consider it to be a business spot. Dubai has expanded at a rapid rate over the last decade or so. The city has gained significant importance since the last decade. This is because of the increased developmental projects within the city. The city has expanded and blossomed quickly and it has recently caught the eye of a large chunk of tourists from around the globe. The city is not big and hence it can be really good for a short visit as a tourist would be able to witness the entire city within a very short span of time. The city offers a mix of different tour spots. From the sand dunes and the desert to the lively beaches, the city offers a mix two different experiences. The city is well renowned for the â€Å"Burj Khalifa†, the tallest building in the world. The skyscraper offers an imminent view of the entire city from the 124th floor. It is considered to be the 2nd highest viewing spot within the world. The viewing spot is also equipped with a telescope which helps the visitors in viewing live locations. Although the observation deck is closed for public, but there are strong rumors that it would be re-opened by the 14th of Feb, 2012. The city is also known for its Desert Safari. Tourists have to book the Safari tour and they are picked up from their respective hotels in the morning. Then the tourists are given a sensational ride through the deserts in the outskirts of the city, these

Commercial Entrepreneurship And Social Entrepreneurship

Commercial Entrepreneurship And Social Entrepreneurship In this session, I will discuss about the difference of commercial entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship. Commonly, social entrepreneurs and commercial entrepreneurs are having similarity as well as differences. There will also certain issues regarding social entrepreneurship to be discussed in this session. This chapter will focus on the motivation factor of social entrepreneurship. There will also brief discussion about motivation of commercial entrepreneurship in order to shows the different motivation factor between two types of entrepreneurship. The first definition of entrepreneurship was defined at 250 years ago. The first crucial role of the entrepreneurship was first recognized by eighteenth century businessman Richard Cantillon (1931). He described entrepreneur as undertakers engaged in market exchange at their own risk for the purpose of making a profit. Dave Roberts and Christine Woods (2005) has defined entrepreneurship base on two perspective which included academic and practitioner. James Howard Jane (2006) stated entrepreneurship aims at creating profitable operations resulting in private gain. This contrast is, of course, overstated. Commercial entrepreneurship does benefit society in the form of new and valuable goods, services, and jobs, and can have transformative social impacts. Such transformations can even be a driving motivation for some commercial entrepreneurs. Kao (1993) has defined that Entrepreneurship is the process of adding something new [creativity] and something different [innovation] for the purpose of creating wealth for the individual and adding value to society. An entrepreneur has to be creative and innovative in order to have a sustainable growing business. In fact, entrepreneurs are considered as one of the main contributors to country economy growth. Entrepreneurial activity benefit community and society as it creates job opportunity, income, products and services with his creativity and innovation to us. 2.2.2 Role of Social Entrepreneurship Nowadays, Social entrepreneurship is likely to become more important than commercial entrepreneurship as there are many social problems occurred. Seelos and Mair (2005) defined social entrepreneur create models in order to fulfill basics human needs that existing marketing have failed to satisfy. Social entrepreneurs are having the mission to change society. James Howard Jane (2006), stated that social entrepreneurship as innovative, social value creating activity that can occur within or across the non-profit, business, or government sectors. They have further elaborated the concept for deeper understanding for the concept by developing four variables which are market failure, mission, resource mobilization, and performance measurement. To certain extend, social enterprises correct market failure whereby a problem for the commercial entrepreneur is an opportunity for the social entrepreneur. The authors have showed that proposition that market failure will create differing entrepr eneurial opportunities for social and commercial entrepreneurships. The Mission for the social entrepreneurship is aims to create social value for the public good by helping and benefits the public. Human capital for the social entrepreneurship will be a vital factor determining the success of social entrepreneurship. Usually, the economics of a social entrepreneurial venture often make it difficult to compensate staff as competitively as in commercial markets. Thus, employees who work for social enterprises often hope to receive non-financial compensation for their work. Human and financial resource mobilization will be a prevailing difference and will lead to fundamentally different approaches in managing financial and human resources. It would be difficult to measure the performance of a social enterprise just like commercial enterprise as we can measure it in terms of profitability and market share. Thus, performance measurement of social impact will remain a fundamental differe ntiator, complicating accountability and stakeholder relations. My Justice, Resource mobilization, it is not about the compensation, it is about self- willingness to work for the social enterprise. Dave and Christine (2005) have defined social entrepreneurships base on two perspective which are academic perspective and practitioner perspective. From the academic perspective, they stated that Construction, evaluation and pursuit of opportunities for social change, while walking anecdotes, with new ideas to address major problems, who are relentless in the pursuit of their vision, people who simply will not take no for an answer and who will not give up until they spread their ideas as far as they possibly can, is derived from practitioner perspective. There is no single way of characterizing socially entrepreneurial ventures (Juliet and George, 2005). Heidi Candida Elaine (2009) explained the landscape of social entrepreneurship which includes social purpose ventures and enterprising nonprofits. Regardless of profit orientation, social entrepreneurs identify opportunities to solve social problems, both people and society problems. Yohanan (N.D) has differentiated two major approaches in the explanation on social entrepreneurship. Both major approaches stress on the social desirability of the initiatives studied, but there are some different aspects. The first approach by Brown and Letts (2004) is focused on intentions and outcomes. Social entrepreneurs put innovative efforts to solve persistent social problems of poverty and marginalization that, to some extent, have been successful in increasing their impact and catalyzing social transformation. Another approach which is done by Alvy and Lees (2000) is based on opportunities and needs. People who realize where there is an opportunity to satisfy some unmet need that the state welfare system will not or cannot meet and who gather together the necessary resources. 2.2.3 Social Entrepreneurship as Profit or Non-profit Organization? In the findings done by Pomerantz (2003), he stated that social entrepreneurship as the development of innovative, mission- supporting, earned income, job creating or licensing, ventures undertaken by individual social entrepreneurs, nonprofit organizations, or nonprofits in association with for profits. From his point of view, a social enterprise can either be non profit or profit generating organization. For example, Margaret Cossette used a grant of $ 400 to turn a small public-sector into not-for profit enterprise which provides home care for rural seniors in America. When needs or demand is increased, Cossette didnt have enough capital to cope with the situation. A NFP organization is not qualify for bank loans. Thus, Cossette turn her venture, Missouri Home Care, into the for-profit arena in order to apply for loans to expend her services. In fact, there are many more cases that clearly lie on the for-profit side of the divide but are readily serve as social entrepreneurship by reputable commentators. Fundamentally, social enterprise is nonprofit organization which benefits society without gaining any profit. However, Gregory (1998) states that there is increasing number of nonprofits have been seeking additional revenues by behaving more like for-profit organizations. For example, Save the Children, an international development agency, sells a line of mens neckwear. Such ventures are for generating the cash in creative way. The profitability is linked with social entrepreneurship for certain cases, but the social ends still remain the dominant goal of these ventures. In conclusion, a social enterprise can be either profit making or non-profit making organization. However, profit gained for social enterprise is mainly contributed for social purpose such as helping poverty and solving social problems. 2.3 Motivation for Entrepreneurship Motivation is one of the elements in influencing the process of entrepreneurship. Shane, Locke and Collins (2003) have differentiated the motivation factors into two groups which are general factors and task-specific factors. The general motivation factors, including need for achievement, locus of control, vision, desire for independence, passion, and drive. 2.3.1 Need for Achievement McClelland (1961) stated that individuals who have higher level in need for achievement (nAch) are will have higher desire to involve in activities or tasks that have a high degree of individual responsibility for outcomes. Entrepreneurial activity involves high responsibility and high risk. In order to have great achievement, entrepreneurs will like to take the challenge to start up and grow their business successfully. Hence, McClelland also argues that entrepreneurial roles are characterized as having greater degree of risk, skill and effort, as well as feedback on performance. From the Maslows hierarchy, entrepreneurs are individuals who are in the level of self-esteem or self-actualization. They desire for self-fulfillment as to be successful entrepreneurs. 2.3.2 Locus of Control Locus of control is the belief in the degree which individuals believe their actions or personal characteristics decide the consequences. Individuals who have an external locus of control believe that the outcome of an extent is out of their control, while individual with an internal locus of control believe that their personal actions directly affect the outcome of an event (Rotter 1966). Individuals with internal locus of control will like to play entrepreneurial roles because they desire positions in which their actions have a direct impact on results. 2.3.3 Vision An individual with the vision of creating a profitable firm can be motivated to be an entrepreneur. Vision is influenced and affected by cognitive factors such as knowledge, skills, and abilities (KSAs). The combination or integration of motivation and cognition will further create visionary action (Locke, 2000). Firstly, the entrepreneurs will need to have the knowledge regarding the sector or industry they want to invent into. Next, they will need to have the skills such as leaderships, bargaining and purchasing, market analysis, decision making, team building, planning as well as problem solving. Furthermore, the entrepreneurs need to have the abilities such as financial abilities and intelligence, too. Aligned with the KSAs, the entrepreneurs will have a realistic and achievable vision, including the strategy for the organization and manage it well. 2.3.4 Desire for Independence Individuals choose to start up their own business because they dont like to work for other people. They desire independence whereby they make decision by themselves, they choose their own path and life rather than living off the efforts of others. Many researchers have observed that the entrepreneurial role necessitates independence. First the entrepreneur takes responsibility for pursuing an opportunity did not exist before. Second, entrepreneurs are, in the end, responsible for results, whether achieved or not achieved. Further, individuals may pursue entrepreneurial careers because they desire independence. For example, in interviews with U.S. female firm founders, Hisrich (1985) found that one of the prime motivations for starting a business was a desire for independence. 2.3.5 Passion Passion is a feeling of an individual which will be converted later into action in order to show they are enthusiastic people. Shane, Locke, and Collins (2003) argued that passion is a central motive rather than motive to serve their employees and society. An entrepreneur will be passion for their work, love their work and the process of establishing an organization by their efforts and make it profitable yet successful. The reason of putting so much effort by entrepreneurs on the organization is actually come from their own interest. Passion is hardly to be measured in quantitative but can be observed and come out with qualitative analysis. Baum (2001) has develop five domains for passion which are personality, situational motivation, skills, strategy and environment. Passion has a direct impact in firm growth. 2.3.6 Drive Shane, Locke, and Collins (2003) stated that there is some relation between drive and Need for Achievement. However, the term drive is referring to broader aspect than Need for Achievement. The authors have further explained the variables for drive which includes ambition, goals, energy and stamina, and persistence. Ambition affects the level of desire for entrepreneurs to create something great, eventful and meaningful. An entrepreneur is the one with great ambition such as to be successful in life, to be the one who have great influence on others, to create something new and others. Ambition will drive entrepreneurs to set high goals for one and others. Better performance will be driven by high goals comparing to the result of low goals. When a goal is being persuading consistently, we can say it is the persistence of the entrepreneur to realize their dream. Motivation factor for individual to start up a business can be categorized into two aspects which are internal factor and external factor. Internal factor is related to individual factor such as need for achievement, locus of control, desire for independence, cognitive development and drive. External factor will be including environment factor such as market demand, economic status and peer influence. External factor will indirectly become the driver of individual to develop own passion to become an entrepreneurs. 2.4 Motivation for Social Entrepreneurship 2.4.1 Altruism An entrepreneur who is altruistic will likely to start up social enterprise. This phenomenon is due to the willingness of the entrepreneurs to contribute and sacrifice one-self in order to benefit other. According to Williams, Wee Liang, and Teck Meng(2005), there are two type of social entrepreneurs in terms of the objective. The first type of social entrepreneur is having the objective to profit only society while the second type will be profit society and himself. The first type of social entrepreneur is obviously more altruistic than second. The first type of social entrepreneur will have even more altruistic if he is willing to accept personal loss. Below are the social entrepreneurs with six descending level of altruism: (1) The person who attempts to innovatively profit society alone, in a way that involves that society, at risk of personal loss. (2) The person who attempts to innovatively profit society alone, in a way that involves that society, at risk of foregoing personal profit. (3) The person who attempts to innovatively profit society by profiting himself, in a way that involves that society, at risk of incurring personal loss. (4) The person who attempts to innovatively profit society by profiting himself, in a way that involves that society, at risk of forgoing personal profit. (5) The person who attempts to innovatively profit himself by profiting society, in a way that involves that society, at risk of personal loss. (6) The person who attempts to innovatively profit himself by profiting society, in a way that involves that society, at risk of foregoing personal profit. By Williams, Wee Liang, Teck Meng (pg, 359, 2005) The decreasing degree of altruistic in social entrepreneurship is differing in terms of risk and innovation. 2.4.2 Traits and Skills Thompson, Alvy (2000) suggest that vision and fortitude are necessary traits to implement a social venture. Boschee (1998) consider candor, passion, clarity of purpose, courage, commitment, values, customer focus, willingness to plan, ability to think like a business, strategy, and flexibility, required in social entrepreneurs as critical success factor to successfully embark on social entrepreneurial activities. Social entrepreneurs who share the same traits may differ in the social impact of their initiatives. Drayton (2002) stated that entrepreneurial quality (pg.124) is the key to distinguish the impact. Entrepreneurial quality is a very special and scarce trait. It is much more than altruistic motivation and other previously mentioned traits. It is the vital motivation to change the whole society shared by only a very small percentage of the population. 2.4.3 Behavior There are few behavioral attributes which have been associated with social entrepreneurship : courage to accept social criticism, less failure-anxiety, receptivity to others feelings, perseverance, communication skills, ability to appear trustworthy, creativity, ability to satisfy customers needs, foal oriented, and working capacity (McLeod, 1997; Prabhu, 1999). After all, these behavior can be applied to commercial entrepreneurial behavior as well. However, there is one exception which is the difference between commercial entrepreneurial behavior and social entrepreneurial behavior which is receptivity to others feeling, or in a simple word, empathy. Referring to the Websters dictionary, empathy is defined as the ability to share in anothers emotions or feelings. A social entrepreneur is caring and helpful. Mair and Noboa(2003) found that empathy can be considered as a trait (dispositional empathy) or a behavior(situational empathy). The authors then consider empathy as a cognitive and emotional antecedent. 2.4.4 Context and background In addition to traits and behaviors, context and background are also important aspects to understand entrepreneurs and their initiatives (Bird, 1988). The background and living of social entrepreneurs is having great impact on enabling the desirability for them to start up social enterprise (Prabhu, 1999). My parents raise me with the spirit of charity and giving, I felt uneasy about the problems of the poor and I am sensitive to other peoples feeling are common response of social entrepreneurs. Mair and Noboa (2003) argued that background and context explain a large part of social entrepreneurs enhanced level of loyalty to their values and philosophy, which is typically associated with an elevated level of moral judgment. A model of social entrepreneurial intentionsmodel of SE intentions.png Mair and Noboa (2003) have developed a model of social entrepreneurial intentions. They defined their independent variables as emotional: empathy (behavior), cognitive: moral judgment (Background and Context effect). These variables will then enable individual to have perceived desirability to develop behavioral intention such as receptivity for others feeling. When they have the behavior, they will have the social entrepreneurial behavior and they decide to start up social enterprise. There is another enabling factor such as self-efficacy and social support which will further develop perceived feasibility. After that, individual with perceived feasibility will enter the same routine as perceived desirability. Empathy and moral judgment are positively linked with perceived social venture desirability, while self efficacy beliefs and social support are positively linked with perceived social venture feasibility. 2.4.5 Opportunity Perception and Recognition Krueger, Kickul, Gundry, Verma, and Wilson, (2007) stated that mental models is the element that provide a set of attributes or characteristics that define what is considered as an opportunity. Perception of opportunity is categorized with two critical antecedents: (1) is the action expected to yield a net positive consequences or effects and (2) is the action actually within or beyond our control. Prevalence of needs in human society if often indentified as a major reason for the existence of social opportunity. According to Human Development report (2007,2005), there are nearly 3 billion people live below the poverty line, earning less than $2 per day. This phenomenon will bring a lot of negative effects such as starvation, increased criminal rate, and violence. For example, there are 50,000 deaths per day which are linked to poverty-related causes. (World Health Organization, 1999). The problem of poverty are observable and it creates many opportunity for social entrepreneurs. Beh avioural Theory stated that entrepreneurs aspiring to improve the quality of life are likely to identify and tackle the most prevalent problems because these problems are most sensitive to them. 2.4.6 Personal values Hemingway (2005) found that values operate at different levels and personal values act as one of the drivers of behavior. He also stated that qualitative research would be suitable in getting deeper level of understanding that how personal values may be driving social responsibility. To say that a person has a value is to say that he has an enduring prescriptive or proscriptive belief that a specific mode of behavior or end-stat of existence is preferred to an opposite mode of behavior or end-state. This belief transcends attitudes toward objective and toward situations; it is a standard that guides and determines action, attitudes toward objectives and situations, ideology, presentations of self to other, evaluations, judgments, justifications, comparisons of self with others, and attempts to influence other. Values serve as adjective, ego-defensive, knowledge and self-actualizing functions. (Rockeach, 1973, pg.25). Moreover, values is linked with ideology, which Wright stated that values will be ones guidance on differentiating what is right or wrong and finally lead to positive goals in life. (Wright, 1971). Personal Values are indentified in different levels such as individual, organizational, institutional, societal and global values (Agle and Caldwell, 1999 ). But in my studies, I will focus on individual or personal level of values.